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Sex and chronic illness

For some couples, having a chronic disease might have no impact on sex. For others, being ill can completely change their sex life. For any condition, it's important to talk with your partner and treating doctors about your sexual concerns. It can be easier than you think and can help resolve your fears and find solutions to your concerns.

Common issues with any chronic disease include:

  • low libido, often related to stress, depression, anxiety or the effects of medication
  • physical changes affecting your ability to have sex related to either the penis, the vagina or the body in general (e.g. severe arthritis can limit mobility and the ability to enjoy sex in certain positions)
  • concerns about how sex could affect an underlying condition (e.g. after a heart attack, a couple might be concerned that vigorous sex could be 'dangerous').

Common chronic diseases and how they can affect sex

Diabetes

Diabetes can affect the blood supply to the penis and the nerves that control erections. It can also increase the likelihood of heart disease. Well controlled diabetes is less likely to cause problems, however, your doctor can prescribe treatments for erection problems.

Heart disease

Sex can be a vigorous form of exercise. Some people experience chest pain (angina) during exercise, including sex. As with any chest pain, you should stop, rest and take your angina medication if prescribed. If the pain is new, different or prolonged, see your doctor immediately. You should feel comfortable talking to your doctor because they will have been asked these questions many times before.

Arthritis

If you or your partner have arthritis or joint problems, changing sexual positions or activities or using pillows as props can make sex more comfortable.

Cancer

A low libido is common after a cancer diagnosis, as this is a particularly stressful time. Physical changes can alter the way you feel about yourself sexually. After breast removal (mastectomy), for instance, a woman might feel less of a woman or be concerned about the way her body looks.

Some cancers and treatments, such as chemotherapy, can cause fatigue. Many people diagnosed with cancer sometimes feel too tired for sex, but might want to explore other forms of intimacy.

Often, prostate cancer treatments directly affect the ability to achieve an erection. Your doctor can give you more information about this.

Depression

Depression commonly affects a person's enjoyment of life, including their desire for sex. Sexual desire generally improves as a person's mood improves. Some anti-depressant medication can affect erections and the ability to reach orgasm. Talking about this with your doctor is important. Medication and/ or talking (psychotherapy) can be very effective treatments for depression.

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